Emmigrated to Salem, MA in 1633, during the Puritan migration to New England, where he lived for 72 years.

He was a landowner in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He served as a juryman, grand juryman, constable, Ensign, and Lieutenant.His home was among the first built in what is now Peabody, MA. Together with the home of his son, Nathaniel Felton Jr., the pair of houses became known as the Nathaniel Felton Houses.

He is known for his role in the drafting and, along with his wife, being the first to sign a petition in support of john Proctor, who was accused of witchcraft. Nathaniel Felton's name is found on two petitions of support for individuals accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials. The first was that of Rebecca Nurse, who was arrested in 1692. His name appears on a list of 39 Salem residents who signed a petition in her defense. She was found quilty of witchcraft and executed by hanging. She was exonerated twenty years later.

Fellow signatory, John Proctor was then also accused of witchcraft. Subsequently, Nathaniel and several other neighbors drafted and signed a petition in support of John Proctor. The petition proved unsuccessful and John Proctor was executed by hanging upon the conclusion of his trial.

“We whose names are under written having several years known John Procter and his wife do testify that we never heard or understood that they were ever suspected to be guilty of the crime now charged upon them and several of us being their near neighbours do testify that to our apprehension they lived christian life in their family and were ever ready to help such as stood in need of their help.”
— Nathaniel Felton (first signature) and fellow signatories